I did some research today about how well dogs can see. I have been told by many people (including you dad) that dogs are colorblind. Well, that really is not true. I am going to set this straight.
Dogs can see color. They just can't see color very well. The human eye has more cones than a dog's eye. So we can see color better than a dog can. But a dog has more rods - which means that they have better night vision.
Dogs also have a "mirror-like tissue" in their eyes. This tissue helps with the dog's night vision. This tissue is the reason why the dogs eyes will "shine" back at you. So in a nutshell, dogs have less developed color and close-up vision, and better night and motion vision.